French Grammar Guide

The five French accent marks — é, è, ê, ç, ë: what each one sounds like, when to use it, and the pairs like a/à and sur/sûr where the accent changes meaning.

Master le, la, l’ and les: when French keeps the definite article where English drops it, plus the à and de contractions au, aux, du and des.

Learn when to use du, de la, de l’, and des in French, including pas de after negation and how partitive du differs from de + le.

Learn the most reliable French noun gender endings, common exceptions, people and professions, and why le problème but la solution are normal.

Master French possessive adjectives mon, ma, mes to leur and leurs: the full chart, why sa mère means his or her mother, and why French says mon amie.

Master French subject pronouns — je, tu, il, elle, on, nous, vous, ils, elles — including what on means, why it takes a singular verb, and a quick quiz.

Tu or vous? A practical decision guide by situation — strangers, work, shops, family — plus how to switch to tu and how to recover if you pick wrong.

Learn French present tense conjugation for regular -er, -ir, and -re verbs, plus spelling changes, uses, examples, mistakes, and a quiz.

Conjugate être and avoir in the French present tense and master their uses: identity, location, possession, and age — j’ai vingt ans — with a quick quiz.

How to form the passé composé: avoir or être plus the past participle, regular and irregular participles, agreement, and negation — with examples and a quiz.

Learn the French imparfait: nous-stem formation, the full endings table, être’s one irregular stem, when to use it, and a self-check quiz.

Passé composé or imparfait? Learn the real difference with a simple camera rule, signal words, side-by-side examples, and a quick self-check quiz.

Master French avoir expressions — avoir faim, avoir besoin de, avoir mal à — with the bare-noun rule, negation, examples, and a quick self-check quiz.

Il faut means “you have to” or “we need”: il faut + infinitive or noun, il me faut, il faut que + subjunctive — and why il ne faut pas means “must not”.

Learn the futur proche in French: aller + infinitive with the full aller table, negation, pronoun placement, and time markers — plus examples and a quiz.

French reflexive verbs explained: present conjugation, passé composé with être, the agreement rule, reciprocal use, and imperative forms.

Learn French negation with ne...pas: where to place it, how it works with passé composé and infinitives, and why articles become de.

Learn how to ask questions in French with intonation, est-ce que, and inversion, plus question-word placement and register guidance.

The French question words — où, quand, comment, pourquoi, qui, que, quoi, and combien — with meanings, natural examples, common mistakes, and a quick quiz.

Learn French adjective agreement: masculine, feminine, plural forms, common ending patterns, irregular adjectives, color nouns, and mixed groups.

Where do French adjectives go? Learn the after-the-noun default, the BAGS adjectives that come first, and adjectives whose meaning changes with position.

Learn French comparatives and superlatives with plus, moins, aussi, que, le plus, and de, including adjective, adverb, and noun patterns.

Bon describes nouns (good), bien describes verbs (well). Learn the simple test, the c’est bon / c’est bien nuance, and why meilleur and mieux follow suit.

Learn the French prepositions of place — dans, sur, sous, devant, derrière, à côté de, chez — with the de contractions (du, des) and a quick quiz.

Why en France but au Japon? Learn which French preposition each country takes — en, au, aux, à — and de, du, des for origin, with a simple -e gender shortcut.

Learn French numbers from 1 to 100, including the 70/80/90 system, et un, hyphens, cent, mille, ordinals, and pronunciation traps.

Learn to tell time in French: quelle heure est-il, il est une heure, et quart, et demie vs et demi, midi and minuit, plus the 24-hour clock.

C’est or il est? One simple test decides: look at the word after the verb. Clear rules for professions, adjectives, plurals, plus examples and a quiz.